SCHREIBEN VON PAPST FRANZISKUS
AN DR. ANGELA MERKEL
BUNDESKANZLERIN DER BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND,
AUS ANLASS DES G20-GIPFELS
[HAMBURG, 7.- 8. JULI 2017]
AN DR. ANGELA MERKEL
BUNDESKANZLERIN DER BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND,
AUS ANLASS DES G20-GIPFELS
[HAMBURG, 7.- 8. JULI 2017]
Ihrer Exzellenz
Frau Dr. Angela Merkel
Bundeskanzlerin der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Im Anschluss an unsere kürzlich stattgefundene Begegnung im Vatikan und als Antwort auf Ihre freundliche Anfrage möchte ich Ihnen einige Überlegungen übermitteln, die ich, gemeinsam mit allen Hirten der katholischen Kirche, für wichtig erachte im Hinblick auf das nächste Treffen der Staats- und Regierungschefs der Gruppe der führenden Wirtschaftsnationen in der Welt und der höchsten Autoritäten der Europäischen Union (G20). Ich folge so auch einer Tradition, die von Papst Benedikt XVI. im April 2009 anlässlich des G20-Gipfeltreffens in London begonnen wurde. Mein Vorgänger schrieb auch Eurer Exzellenz im Jahr 2006, als Deutschland die Präsidentschaft der Europäischen Union und der G8 innehatte.
Zunächst möchte ich Ihnen und den in Hamburg zusammengekommenen Verantwortungsträgern meine Wertschätzung zum Ausdruck bringen für die umgesetzten Bemühungen zur Gewährleistung der Regierungsführung und der Stabilität der Weltwirtschaft unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Finanzmärkte, des Handels, der steuerlichen Probleme und allgemeiner eines Weltwirtschaftswachstums, das inklusiv und nachhaltig ist (vgl. Kommuniqué des G20-Treffens in Hangzhou, 5. September 2016). Wie aus dem Arbeitsprogramm des Gipfels ersichtlich wird, sind diese Bemühungen untrennbar mit der Aufmerksamkeit verbunden, die den gegenwärtigen Konflikten und dem weltweiten Migrationsproblem gewidmet wird.
Im Apostolischen Schreiben Evangelii gaudium, der Programmschrift meines Pontifikats an die katholischen Gläubigen, habe ich vier Handlungsprinzipien für den Aufbau brüderlicher, gerechter und friedlicher Gesellschaften vorgeschlagen:die Zeit ist mehr wert als der Raum; die Einheit wiegt mehr als der Konflikt;die Wirklichkeit ist wichtiger als die Ideeund das Ganze ist dem Teil übergeordnet. Diese Handlungslinien gehören freilich der jahrhundertealten Weisheit der ganzen Menschheit an, und deshalb glaube ich, dass sie auch als Beitrag zu den Überlegungen für das Treffen in Hamburg und ebenso zur Bewertung seiner Ergebnisse nützlich sein können.
Die Zeit ist mehr wert als der Raum. Der Ernst, die Vielschichtigkeit und die wechselseitige Verbindung der weltweiten Probleme sind solcher Art, dass es für sie keine unmittelbaren und vollkommen zufriedenstellenden Lösungen gibt. Leider ist die Flüchtlingskrise, die vom Problem der Armut nicht zu trennen ist und durch bewaffnete Konflikte verschärft wird, ein Beweis dafür. Es ist hingegen möglich, Prozesse in Bewegung zu setzen, welche fortschreitende und nicht traumatisierende Lösungen bieten, die in verhältnismäßig kurzer Zeit zu einem freien Durchzug und zur Ansiedelung von Personen führen, was für alle von Vorteil ist. Diese Spannung zwischen Raum und Zeit, zwischen Begrenzung und Fülle erfordert jedoch eine genau gegensätzliche Bewegung im Denken der Regierenden und der Mächtigen. Eine wirksame Lösung, die sich notwendigerweise über einen Zeitraum erstreckt, wird nur möglich sein, wenn das Endziel des Prozesses bei seiner Planung klar vorgegeben ist. Es ist daher notwendig, dass im Verstand und im Herzen der Regierenden wie auch in jeder Phase der Umsetzung politischer Maßnahmen den Armen, den Flüchtlingen, den Leidenden, den Vertriebenen und den Ausgeschlossenen – ohne Unterschied von Nation, Volkszugehörigkeit, Religion oder Kultur – absoluter Vorrang eingeräumt wird und ebenso bewaffnete Konflikte abgelehnt werden.
An dieser Stelle kann ich nicht umhin, an die Staats- und Regierungschefs der G20 und an die ganze Weltgemeinschaft einen eindringlichen Appell zu richten hinsichtlich der tragischen Situation des Südsudans, des Tschadseebeckens, des Horns von Afrika und des Jemen, wo es dreißig Millionen Menschen gibt, die keine Nahrung und kein Wasser zum Überleben haben. Die dringende Aufgabe, sich diesen Situationen zu stellen und jenen Völkern unmittelbare Unterstützung zu geben, stellt ein Zeichen der Ernsthaftigkeit und der Aufrichtigkeit der Verpflichtung dar, mittelfristig die Weltwirtschaft zu reformieren. Zugleich ist es eine Gewähr für ihre gesunde Entwicklung.
Die Einheit wiegt mehr als der Konflikt. Die Geschichte der Menschheit stellt uns auch in unseren Tagen ein breites Panorama von aktuellen oder potentiellen Konflikten vor Augen. Der Krieg ist hingegen nie eine Lösung. In zeitlicher Nähe zum hundertsten Jahrestag der Friedensnote Benedikts XV. an die Oberhäupter der kriegführenden Völker liegt es mir am Herzen, die Welt zu bitten, so vielen „unnützen Blutbädern“ ein Ende zu setzen. Das Ziel des G20-Gipfels und anderer ähnlicher jährlicher Treffen besteht darin, die wirtschaftlichen Differenzen friedlich zu lösen und gemeinsame Finanz- und Handelsregeln zu finden, die die integrale Entwicklung aller erlauben, um die Agenda 2030 und die Ziele einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung zu erfüllen (vgl. Kommuniqué des G20-Treffens in Hangzhou). Dies wird jedoch nicht möglich sein, solange sich nicht alle Seiten dafür einsetzen, die Konfliktebenen wesentlich zu vermindern, den gegenwärtigen Rüstungswettstreit zu stoppen und auf eine unmittelbare oder mittelbare Beteiligung an den Konflikten zu verzichten als auch sich zu einigen, auf ehrliche und transparente Weise über alle Meinungsverschiedenheiten zu diskutieren. Es besteht ein tragischer Widerspruch und eine Inkonsequenz zwischen der scheinbaren Einheit in gemeinsamen Foren zu wirtschaftlichen oder sozialen Themen einerseits und der aktiven oder passiven Zustimmung zu kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen andererseits.
Die Wirklichkeit ist wichtiger als die Idee. Die verhängnisvollen Ideologien der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts sind durch neue Ideologien der absoluten Autonomie der Märkte und der Finanzspekulation ersetzt worden (vgl. Evangelii gaudium, 56). Diese hinterlassen eine schmerzliche Spur des Ausschlusses, des Wegwerfens und sogar des Todes. Die bedeutenden politischen und wirtschaftlichen Erfolge des letzten Jahrhunderts waren hingegen immer von einem gesunden und klugen Pragmatismus geprägt. Dieser war von der Vorrangstellung des Menschen geleitet wie auch vom Bestreben, auf der Grundlage der Achtung des einzelnen und aller Bürger verschiedene und zuweilen gegensätzliche Wirklichkeiten zu integrieren und aufeinander abzustimmen. So bitte ich Gott, dass der Hamburger Gipfel durch das Beispiel jener Verantwortungsträger in Europa und der Welt inspiriert werde, die dem Dialog und der Suche nach gemeinsamen Lösungen durchweg den Vorzug gegeben haben: Schuman, De Gasperi, Adenauer, Monnet und viele andere.
Das Ganze ist dem Teil übergeordnet. Die Probleme werden im Konkreten und mit der ihren Besonderheiten geschuldeten Aufmerksamkeit gelöst. Solche Lösungen dürfen aber, um von Dauer zu sein, niemals die Gesamtsicht außer Acht lassen. Zugleich müssen sie mögliche Auswirkungen auf alle Länder und deren Bürger abwägen wie auch deren Ansichten und Meinungen respektieren. Hier möchte ich die Mahnung aufgreifen, die Benedikt XVI. an den Londoner G20-Gipfel im Jahr 2009 richtete. Auch wenn es vernünftig ist, dass die G20-Gipfel sich auf die geringe Zahl der Länder beschränken, die 90% der Produktion von Gütern und Dienstleistungen weltweit stellen, so muss genau diese Situation die Teilnehmer zu einer vertieften Reflexion bewegen. Die Staaten und Menschen, deren Stimme auf der weltpolitischen Bühne am wenigsten Gewicht zukommt, sind gerade diejenigen, die am meisten unter den unheilvollen Folgen der Wirtschaftskrisen leiden, für die sie kaum oder keine Verantwortung tragen. Zugleich ist jene große Mehrheit, die wirtschaftlich betrachtet nur 10% des Ganzen ausmacht, jener Teil der Menschheit, der das höchste Potential hätte, um zum Fortschritt aller beizutragen. Somit ist es nötig, immer auf die Vereinten Nationen, auf ihre Programme und Agenturen wie auch auf die regionalen Organisationen Bezug zu nehmen; es ist nötig, internationale Verträge zu achten und einzuhalten sowie die multilateralen Beziehungen weiter zu fördern, damit die Lösungen wirklich universal und dauerhaft zum Wohl aller sein können (vgl. Benedikt XVI., Schreiben an den Britischen Premierminister Gordon Brown, 30. März 2009).
Ich lege diese Überlegungen als Beitrag zu den Arbeiten des G20-Gipfels vor im Vertrauen auf den Geist verantwortungsbewusster Solidarität, der alle Teilnehmer leitet. Ich erbitte dem Hamburger Gipfeltreffen Gottes Segen wie auch allen Bemühungen der internationalen Gemeinschaft, eine neue Ära einer innovativen, wechselseitig verbundenen, nachhaltigen, umweltfreundlichen und alle Völker und Menschen einschließenden Entwicklung zu gestalten (vgl. Kommuniqué des G20-Treffens in Hangzhou, 5. September 2016).
Gerne nehme ich die Gelegenheit wahr und versichere Eurer Exzellenz meine Hochachtung und Wertschätzung.
Aus dem Vatikan, am 29. Juni 2017
Franziskus
LETTER OF HIS HOLINESS POPE FRANCIS
TO MRS ANGELA MERKEL
CHANCELLOR OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY,
ON THE OCCASION OF THE G20 SUMMIT
[HAMBURG, 7-8 JULY 2017]
TO MRS ANGELA MERKEL
CHANCELLOR OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY,
ON THE OCCASION OF THE G20 SUMMIT
[HAMBURG, 7-8 JULY 2017]
To Her Excellency
Mrs Angela Merkel
Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany
Following our recent meeting in the Vatican, and in response to your thoughtful request, I would like to offer some considerations that, together with all the Pastors of the Catholic Church, I consider important in view of the forthcoming meeting of the G20, which will gather Heads of State and of Government of the Group of major world economies and the highest authorities of the European Union. In doing so, I follow a tradition begun by Pope Benedict XVI in April 2009 on the occasion of the London G20. My Predecessor likewise wrote to Your Excellency in 2006, when Germany held the presidency of the European Union and the G8.
In the first place, I wish to express to you, and to the leaders assembled in Hamburg, my appreciation for the efforts being made to ensure the governability and stability of the world economy, especially with regard to financial markets, trade, fiscal problems and, more generally, a more inclusive and sustainable global economic growth (cf. G20 Leaders Communiqué, Hangzhou Summit, 5 September 2016). As is evident from the Summit’s programme, such efforts are inseparable from the need to address ongoing conflicts and the worldwide problem of migrations.
In my Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii Gaudium, the programmatic document of my Pontificate addressed to the Catholic faithful, I proposed four principles of action for the building of fraternal, just and peaceful societies: time is greater than space; unity prevails over conflict; realities are more important than ideas; and the whole is greater than the part. These lines of action are evidently part of the age-old wisdom of all humanity; I believe that they can also serve as an aid to reflection for the Hamburg meeting and for the assessment of its outcome.
Time is greater than space. The gravity, complexity and interconnection of world problems is such that there can be no immediate and completely satisfying solutions. Sadly, the migration crisis, which is inseparable from the issue of poverty and exacerbated by armed conflicts, is proof of this. It is possible, though, to set in motion processes that can offer solutions that are progressive and not traumatic, and which can lead in relatively short order to free circulation and to a settlement of persons that would be to the advantage of all. Nonetheless, this tension between space and time, between limit and fullness, requires an exactly contrary movement in the minds of government leaders and the powerful. An effective solution, necessarily spread over time, will be possible only if the final objective of the process is clearly present in its planning. In the minds and hearts of government leaders, and at every phase of the enactment of political measures, there is a need to give absolute priority to the poor, refugees, the suffering, evacuees and the excluded, without distinction of nation, race, religion or culture, and to reject armed conflicts.
At this point, I cannot fail to address to the Heads of State and of Government of the G20, and to the entire world community, a heartfelt appeal for the tragic situation in South Sudan, the Lake Chad basin, the Horn of Africa and Yemen, where thirty million people are lacking the food and water needed to survive. A commitment to meet these situations with urgency and to provide immediately support to those peoples will be a sign of the seriousness and sincerity of the mid-term commitment to reforming the world economy and a guarantee of its sound development.
Unity prevails over conflict. The history of humanity, in our own day too, presents us with a vast panorama of current and potential conflicts. War, however, is never a solution. As the hundredth anniversary of Pope Benedict XV’s Letter to the Leaders of the Warring Peoples draws near, I feel bound to ask that the world put an end to all these “useless slaughters”. The goal of the G20 and of other similar annual meetings is to resolve economic differences peacefully and to agree on common financial and trade rules to allow for the integral development of all, in order to implement the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (cf. Communiqué of the G20 Hangzhou Summit). Yet that will not be possible unless all parties commit themselves to substantially reducing levels of conflict, halting the present arms race and renouncing direct or indirect involvement in conflicts, as well as agreeing to discuss sincerely and transparently all their differences. There is a tragic contradiction and inconsistency in the apparent unity expressed in common forums on economic or social issues, and the acceptance, active or passive, of armed conflicts.
Realities are more important than ideas. The fateful ideologies of the first half of the twentieth century have been replaced by new ideologies of absolute market autonomy and financial speculation (cf. Evangelii Gaudium, 56). In their tragic wake, these bring exclusion, waste and even death. The significant political and economic achievements of the past century, on the other hand, were always marked by a sound and prudent pragmatism, guided by the primacy of the human being and the attempt to integrate and coordinate diverse and at times opposed realities, on the basis of respect for each and every citizen. I pray to God that the Hamburg Summit may be illumined by the example of those European and world leaders who consistently gave pride of place to dialogue and the quest of common solutions: Schuman, De Gasperi, Adenauer, Monnet and so many others.
The whole is greater than the part. Problems need to be resolved concretely and with due attention to their specificity, but such solutions, to be lasting, cannot neglect a broader vision. They must likewise consider eventual repercussions on all countries and their citizens, while respecting the views and opinions of the latter. Here I would repeat the warning that Benedict XVI addressed to the G20 London Summit in 2009. While it is reasonable that G20 Summits should be limited to the small number of countries that represent 90% of the production of wealth and services worldwide, this very situation must prompt the participants to a profound reflection. Those states and individuals whose voice is weakest on the world political scene are precisely the ones who suffer most from the harmful effects of economic crises for which they bear little or no responsibility. This great majority, which in economic terms counts for only 10% of the whole, is the portion of humanity that has the greatest potential to contribute to the progress of everyone. Consequently, there is need to make constant reference to the United Nations, its programmes and associated agencies, and regional organizations, to respect and honour international treaties, and to continue promoting a multilateral approach, so that solutions can be truly universal and lasting, for the benefit of all (cf. Benedict XVI, Letter to the Honourable Gordon Brown, 30 March 2009).
I offer these considerations as a contribution to the work of the G20, with trust in the spirit of responsible solidarity that guides all those taking part. I ask God’s blessings upon the Hamburg meeting and on every effort of the international community to shape a new era of development that is innovative, interconnected, sustainable, environmentally respectful and inclusive of all peoples and all individuals (cf. Communiqué of the G20 Hangzhou Summit).
I take this occasion to assure Your Excellency of my high consideration and esteem.
From the Vatican, 29 June 2017
Francis
LETTER OF HIS HOLINESS BENEDICT XVI
TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GORDON BROWN
PRIME MINISTER OF GREAT BRITAIN
AT THE VIGIL OF THE G20 SUMMIT IN LONDON*
TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GORDON BROWN
PRIME MINISTER OF GREAT BRITAIN
AT THE VIGIL OF THE G20 SUMMIT IN LONDON*
His Excellency
The Right Honourable Gordon Brown
Prime Minister
Dear Prime Minister,
During your recent visit to the Vatican, you kindly briefed me on the Summit taking place in London from 2 to 3 April 2009 with the participation of representatives from the world’s twenty largest economies. As you explained, the aim of this meeting is to coordinate, with urgency, measures necessary to stabilize financial markets and to enable companies and families to weather this period of deep recession, as well as to restore sustainable growth in the world economy and to reform and substantially strengthen systems of global governance, in order to ensure that such a crisis is not repeated in the future.
It is my intention with this letter to express to you and to the Heads of State and Heads of Government participating in the Summit the Catholic Church’s appreciation, as well as my own, for the meeting’s noble objectives. Such objectives arise from the conviction, shared by all the participating Governments and international organizations, that the way out of the current global crisis can only be reached together, avoiding solutions marked by any nationalistic selfishness or protectionism.
I am writing this message having just returned from Africa, where I had the opportunity to see at first hand the reality of severe poverty and marginalization, which the crisis risks aggravating dramatically. I was also able to witness the extraordinary human resources with which that Continent is blessed and which can be offered to the whole world.
The London Summit, just like the one in Washington in 2008, for practical and pressing reasons is limited to the convocation of those States which represent 90% of global GNP and 80% of world trade. In this framework, sub-Saharan Africa is represented by just one State and some regional organizations. This situation must prompt a profound reflection among the Summit participants, since those whose voice has least force in the political scene are precisely the ones who suffer most from the harmful effects of a crisis for which they do not bear responsibility. Furthermore, in the long run, it is they who have the most potential to contribute to the progress of everyone.
It is necessary, therefore, to turn to the multilateral mechanisms and structures which form part of the United Nations and its associated organizations, in order to hear the voices of all countries and to ensure that measures and steps taken at G20 meetings are supported by all.
At the same time, I would like to note a further reason for the need for reflection at the Summit. Financial crises are triggered when – partially due to the decline of correct ethical conduct – those working in the economic sector lose trust in its modes of operating and in its financial systems. Nevertheless, finance, commerce and production systems are contingent human creations which, if they become objects of blind faith, bear within themselves the roots of their own downfall. Their true and solid foundation is faith in the human person. For this reason all the measures proposed to rein in this crisis must seek, ultimately, to offer security to families and stability to workers and, through appropriate regulations and controls, to restore ethics to the financial world.
The current crisis has raised the spectre of the cancellation or drastic reduction of external assistance programmes, especially for Africa and for less developed countries elsewhere. Development aid, including the commercial and financial conditions favourable to less developed countries and the cancellation of the external debt of the poorest and most indebted countries, has not been the cause of the crisis and, out of fundamental justice, must not be its victim.
If a key element of the crisis is a deficit of ethics in economic structures, the same crisis teaches us that ethics is not “external” to the economy but “internal” and that the economy cannot function if it does not bear within it an ethical component.
Accordingly, renewed faith in the human person, which must shape every step towards the solution of the crisis, will be best put into practice through a courageous and generous strengthening of international cooperation, capable of promoting a truly humane and integral development. Positive faith in the human person, and above all faith in the poorest men and women – of Africa and other regions of the world affected by extreme poverty – is what is needed if we are truly to come through the crisis once and for all, without turning our back on any region, and if we are definitively to prevent any recurrence of a situation similar to that in which we find ourselves today.
I would also like to add my voice to those of the adherents of various religions and cultures who share the conviction that the elimination of extreme poverty by 2015, to which Leaders at the UN Millennium Summit committed themselves, remains one of the most important tasks of our time.
Right Honourable Prime Minister, I invoke Almighty God’s abundant blessings upon the London Summit and upon all the multilateral meetings currently searching for ways to resolve the financial crisis and I take this opportunity once again to offer you warm greetings and to express my sentiments of esteem.
From the Vatican, 30 March 2009
BENEDICT XVI
L'Osservatore Romano 2.4.2009 p.6.
© Copyright 2009 - Libreria Editrice
Vaticana
LETTER OF HIS HOLINESS BENEDICT XVI
TO DR ANGELA MERKEL
CHANCELLOR OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY*
TO DR ANGELA MERKEL
CHANCELLOR OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY*
To Her Excellency
Dr Angela MERKEL
Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany
On 17 July 2006, at the conclusion of the Saint Petersburg Summit, you announced that under your Presidency, the Group of the seven leading economic powers plus Russia (G8) would continue to keep the question of global poverty on its agenda. Subsequently, on 18 October last, the German Federal Government stated that assistance to Africa would be a key priority at the Heiligendamm Summit.
I therefore write to you in order to express the gratitude of the Catholic Church and my own personal appreciation for these announcements.
I welcome the fact that the question of poverty, with specific reference to Africa, now appears on the agenda of the G8; indeed, it should be given the highest attention and priority, for the sake of poor and rich countries alike. The fact that the German Presidency of the G8 coincides with the Presidency of the European Union presents a unique opportunity to tackle this issue. I am confident that Germany will exercise positively the leadership role that falls to her with regard to this question of global importance that affects us all.
At our meeting on 28 August last, you assured me that Germany shares the Holy See’s concern regarding the inability of rich countries to offer the poorest countries, especially those from Africa, financial and trade conditions capable of promoting their lasting development.
The Holy See has repeatedly insisted that, while the Governments of poorer countries have a responsibility with regard to good governance and the elimination of poverty, the active involvement of international partners is indispensable. This should not be seen as an "extra" or as a concession which could be postponed in the face of pressing national concerns. It is a grave and unconditional moral responsibility, founded on the unity of the human race, and on the common dignity and shared destiny of rich and poor alike, who are being drawn ever closer by the process of globalization.
Trade conditions favourable to poor countries, including, above all, broad and unconditional access to markets, should be made available and guaranteed in lasting and reliable ways.
Provision must also be made for the rapid, total and unconditional cancellation of the external debt of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs). Measures should also be adopted to ensure that these countries do not fall once again into situations of unsustainable debt.
Developed countries must also recognize and implement fully the commitments they have made with regard to external aid.
Moreover, a substantial investment of resources for research and for the development of medicines to treat AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other tropical diseases is needed. In this regard, the first and foremost scientific challenge facing developed countries is the discovery of a vaccine against malaria. There is also a need to make available medical and pharmaceutical technology and health care expertise without imposing legal or economic conditions.
Finally, the international community must continue to work for the substantial reduction of both the legal and the illegal arms trade, the illegal trade of precious raw materials, and the flight of capital from poor countries, as well as for the elimination of the practices of money-laundering and corruption of officials of poor countries.
While these challenges should be undertaken by all members of the international community, the G8 and the European Union should take the lead.
People from different religions and cultures throughout the world are convinced that achieving the goal of eradicating extreme poverty by the year 2015 is one of the most important tasks in today’s world. Moreover, they also hold that such an objective is indissolubly linked to world peace and security. They look to the Presidency, held by the German Government in the months ahead, to ensure that the G8 and the European Union undertake the measures necessary to overcome poverty. They are ready to play their part in such efforts and they support your commitment in a spirit of solidarity.
Invoking God’s blessings on the work of the G8 and the European Union under the German Presidency, I avail myself of the occasion to renew to Your Excellency the assurance of my highest consideration.
From the Vatican, 16 December 2006.
BENEDICTUS PP. XVI
©
Copyright 2006 - Libreria Editrice Vaticana
©
Copyright - Libreria Editrice Vaticana
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